When are Miranda rights required to be given, and what is the public safety exception?

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Miranda warnings are required before custodial interrogation. The public safety exception lets officers question without Miranda warnings when there is an immediate threat to public safety, such as asking about the location of a weapon to prevent harm. This means information obtained under that exception can be used, but once the immediate danger is addressed, the officer should Mirandize if further questioning continues. The other options are incorrect because: warnings are not requiredlessness in custodial interrogation, the public safety exception does not block questioning, and it is not limited to traffic stops.