Lethal vs. non-lethal force depends on:

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The choice between lethal and non-lethal force is driven by three guiding factors: the law, department policy, and ethics. Legally, officers must meet the standard of reasonable force under the circumstances, as set by constitutional requirements and applicable statutes. This means assessing whether the force used is necessary and proportional to the threat, with the belief that it is immediately necessary to prevent serious harm. Department policy translates that legal standard into concrete rules—what options are available, in what order they should be attempted, and the required steps for escalation, de-escalation, and documentation. Ethics influence decisions by emphasizing the preservation of life, minimizing harm, and maintaining public trust; even if a use of force might be legally permissible, it must also align with accepted ethical responsibilities.

Weather conditions or personal preference do not determine whether force is lethal or non-lethal; they are not reliable indicators of appropriateness. The decision must be based on objective factors such as the threat level, risk to bystanders, potential alternatives, and the immediacy of danger, all guided by law, policy, and ethical considerations. Violating these standards can lead to legal liability and internal disciplinary action, reinforcing why the correct framework centers on law, policy, and ethics.